DOI: 10.3390/pathogens15111106 ISSN: 2076-0817

Field-Oriented Application of Commercial Lateral Flow Immunoassay for African Swine Fever Virus Using On-Site Tissue Homogenization

Ki-Hyun Cho, Jung Ho Kim, Dong Hyuk Kim, Hyeon Park, Yong-Myung Kang, Hae-Eun Kang, Dae-Sung Yoo

African swine fever (ASF) remains a major threat to global swine production, underscoring the need for rapid, reliable point-of-care diagnostics for outbreak control. Although commercial ASF virus (ASFV) lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are available for blood-derived specimens, their field utility is limited by suboptimal clinical sensitivity. We aimed to establish a field-oriented workflow for applying a commercial ASFV antigen LFIA to carcass tissues by integrating portable tissue homogenization, balance-free tissue preparation, and a modified sample application method. We evaluated and optimized a commercial ASFV antigen LFIA for tissue homogenates prepared with a portable on-site grinder. Oral and rectal swab specimens produced no positive LFIA results and were excluded from further testing. For tissue specimens, a modified sample application protocol was evaluated to improve antigen detection. Spleen and liver suspensions prepared at 20% (w/v) yielded 100% detection rates (20/20; 95% CI: 83.2–100%) in the evaluated samples. A height-guided visual calibration within the filter-integrated grinder tube enabled preparation of 20% (w/v) tissue suspensions without a digital balance or centrifuge. This workflow provides a rapid, field-oriented approach for direct carcass screening during outbreak investigations and ASF surveillance.

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