Fibrous Neuromorphic Electronics: From Single Device to All-Fiber System

Abstract

Fibrous neuromorphic electronics have emerged as fundamental platforms for somatosensory perception and brain-inspired computing, driven by their one-dimensional (1D) macroscopic flexibility and micro/nanoscale interfaces. This Mini-Review systematically discusses recent advancements in fibrous neuromorphic devices, focusing on underlying physical mechanisms, three-dimensional interface designs, and all-fiber system integration. We discuss the operating principles of two-terminal and three-terminal architectures, highlighting how working mechanisms such as conductive filament formation, phase transitions, and electrochemical redox reactions enable robust artificial synaptic behaviors and complex dendritic computations. Furthermore, we explore the transition of these devices from isolated functional units to closed-loop “sensing-computing-feedback” networks, demonstrating their capabilities in distributed bionic sensing and artificial reflex arcs. Finally, we identify current challenges in manufacturing consistency and kinetic limitations, proposing strategies to realize autonomous, all-fiber intelligent systems for future flexible electronics and embodied intelligent agents.