Fethullah Gülen and the Hizmet Movement

Abstract

This chapter examines the complex legacy of Fethullah Gülen and the Hizmet movement, tracing its evolution from a faith-based civic initiative to a politically entangled entity facing allegations of infiltration and political maneuvering. It explores how Hizmet positions itself within Turkey’s secular framework by adopting a “good Muslim” identity, aligning with the state’s interests while cultivating an extensive transnational network of schools, businesses, and media. However, as its influence expands, its ambiguous structure, secretive funding, and perceived infiltration of state institutions fuel distrust, culminating in the 2016 failed coup and subsequent crackdown by the Turkish government. The chapter also analyzes Hizmet’s strategic engagement with Western audiences and curates an image of moderation and interfaith dialogue to secure support despite its contentious history in Turkey. Finally, the chapter considers the movement’s uncertain future following Gülen’s death and questions whether it will sustain unity or fragment under internal divisions and external pressures.