Features of clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods of inguinal hernia examination in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Objective: To study the features of clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods for examining inguinal hernias (IH) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: The study is based on the treatment and examination results of 80 patients with IH and BPH admitted to the surgery and urology departments of the Dushanbe City Emergency Medical Center between 2010 and 2025. The diagnostic algorithm included clinical examination, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and imaging studies. Results: A study of IH in patients with BPH revealed that lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have low specificity for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and, therefore, cannot be considered a reliable diagnostic criterion. To improve the accuracy of diagnosing BOO, a number of ultrasound parameters were proposed. Analysis of PSA level distribution among patients in the main group with BPH revealed a clear correlation between PSA levels and the severity of hyperplasia. Interpretation of ultrasound results in patients with IH included analysis of both indirect signs and absolute ultrasound findings, which confirmed small bowel loop strangulation with a diagnostic accuracy of 78-80%. Conclusion: In patients with IH associated with BPH, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental diagnostic methods require a comprehensive and differentiated approach, taking into account functional disorders of the lower urinary tract. Optimization of the diagnostic algorithm allows for informed selection of surgical tactics and improved treatment outcomes for this category of patients.