FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL TRAINING IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY. FROM ARCHITECTURAL TEAMS TO THE REGULAR EDUCATION PROJECT

The purpose of this article is to identify the trajectory of Russian architectural and construction education in the first half of the 18th century. The emergence of a new field in architectural and construction practice, which dates back to the early years of the 18th century, necessitated a reevaluation of approaches to the training of specialists in this field. Additionally, the large-scale construction projects necessitated the availability of skilled architectural professionals. This demand was particularly evident during the construction of the new capital city, St. Petersburg. The objectives of the study were to determine the main key points of change that can be identified in the development of this process; to assess the role played by Peter the Great's reforms in the formation of Russian architectural and construction education; and to identify the prerequisites for further changes towards the establishment of a regular architectural education system, which began in the second half of the 18th century. The result of the work was a model for the formation of the educational process. The initial point of the model was the acquisition of professional knowledge through the practice of construction, which was characteristic of the educational experience of the past. By the end of the first half of the 18th century, the reforms in the field of training qualified architects who possessed both theoretical knowledge and practical experience had led to the establishment of the Architectural Chamber under the Academy of Sciences, which became the leader in the process of continuous professional education in architecture.