Faunivores are active longer than herbivores across the daily cycle in a Neotropical savanna–forest mammal community
Ilad Vivas, Włodzimierz Jędrzejewski, María Abarca Medina, Luis G. Morales, Pablo Lau, Astolfo Mata, Ángel L. Viloria, Margarita Lampo, Rafael Hoogesteijn, Maria del Mar Weisz, Krzysztof SchmidtDaily activity budgets reflect how animals balance internal physiological demands with external environmental pressures. We analyzed 14 037 camera‐trap records from 12 mammal species in the Venezuelan Llanos to evaluate the effects of foraging strategy (faunivore versus herbivore), season, and body mass on daily activity duration, to describe diel activity patterns, and to examine temporal overlap among species. Faunivores were active for nearly twice as long as herbivores (mean 12.1 versus 7.2 hours day −1 ), and trophic guild was the only significant predictor of daily activity duration. Activity duration did not differ significantly between wet and dry season at the community level, and body mass showed no significant effect once trophic guild was accounted for. Faunivores were primarily nocturnal, while most herbivores were diurnal. Although season had no general effect, some herbivores showed marked seasonal differences: eastern cottontail rabbit and white‐tailed deer were more active in the wet season, whereas capybara was more active in the dry season. Jaguar and puma showed very high temporal overlap, providing no evidence of temporal segregation between these two large felids, and overlap between large carnivores and their principal prey was only moderate. These results identify trophic guild as the strongest predictor of daily activity duration in this mammal assemblage and suggest that seasonal responses are species‐specific rather than general across herbivores.