Factors Influencing Consumer Adoption of Smart Parcel Lockers: A Scoping Review

Background: Smart Parcel Lockers (SPLs) have emerged as an important solution for improving last-mile delivery (LMD) efficiency in response to the rapid growth in e-commerce and increasing consumer demand for flexible delivery options. Despite growing research interest, the factors influencing consumer adoption of SPLs remain fragmented across different theoretical and geographical contexts. This scoping review aims to synthesize the existing literature and identify the key factors influencing consumer adoption of SPLs. Methods: A structured literature search using PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines was conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024. Following the screening and selection process, 38 studies were included in the scoping synthesis. Results: The findings show that convenience, security, service reliability, and perceived value are the most frequently reported factors shaping SPL adoption. The review also shows that the TAM, DOI, and UTAUT are the most commonly applied theoretical frameworks. The studies were also methodologically dominated by quantitative survey-based studies and geographically concentrated mainly in Asian markets. Conclusions: Overall, the review identifies the main drivers and barriers of SPL adoption and provides guidance for future research and practical implementation.