Factors Associated with 30- and 90-Day Mortality After Percutaneous Cholecystostomy for Acute Cholecystitis: A Single-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study

Background/Objectives: Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is used for acute cholecystitis when early cholecystectomy is considered unsafe. We evaluated factors associated with 30- and 90-day mortality after PC. Methods: This single-centre retrospective cohort included 84 consecutive patients treated between December 2021 and December 2025. Clinical characteristics, comorbidity, Tokyo severity grade, intensive care unit (ICU) admission during the index episode, microbiology and admission laboratory values were analysed. Separate age-adjusted logistic models included age and one pre-specified factor at a time. Results: The median age was 74.5 years, and 50 patients (59.5%) were male. Thirty-one patients (36.9%) had Tokyo grade III disease and 26 (31.0%) were admitted to the ICU during the index episode. The thirty-day mortality was 12/84 (14.3%; the 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4–23.3). The crude 90-day mortality was 20/84 (23.8%; 95% CI, 16.0–33.9), and mortality among 82 patients with complete 90-day status was 20/82 (24.4%; 95% CI, 16.4–34.7). In separate age-adjusted models, ICU admission during the index episode was associated with 30-day (odds ratio [OR], 14.31; 95% CI, 2.77–73.99) and 90-day mortality (OR, 21.10; 95% CI, 5.65–78.85); Tokyo grade III disease showed corresponding associations (OR, 9.44; 95% CI, 1.84–48.35 and OR, 19.07; 95% CI, 4.74–76.66). Conclusions: Tokyo grade III disease and ICU admission during the index episode were strongly associated with early mortality. These estimates do not demonstrate independent effects or validated predictive performance and require confirmation in larger multicentre cohorts.