Facial fillers: Relevant anatomy, injection techniques, and complications
Nicholas W. Clark, Debbie R. Pan, Dane M. Barrett- Otorhinolaryngology
- Surgery
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this review article is to discuss the currently available facial fillers, their differences and indications, relevant anatomy, injection techniques, and avoidance and management of complications.
Data Sources
Clinical experience and scientific papers.
Conclusions
Reversal of facial aging via filler injection has been around since the late 1800s with the initial use of detrimental products. Today, many safe and effective products exist and can be tailored to the individual patient's desired effect. With the evolution of both products and injection techniques, the rate of complications with facial filler use is low. Nonetheless, providers offering facial filler injections should have detailed knowledge of facial anatomy, including facial planes and soft tissue compartments. Multiple injection techniques exist. Different techniques should be used, depending on the anatomic target. Providers should also know how to avoid and manage complications.