Extreme‐Fast‐Charging Li‐Ion Batteries via Activation‐Energy Regulation With a Li ₃ PO ₄ ‐Li ₂ SO

ABSTRACT

Extreme‐fast‐charging (XFC) batteries are essential for widespread electric vehicle adoption. Although heating‐assisted charging enables ultrafast charging at elevated temperatures (e.g., 65°C), it increases the risk of thermal runaway. Lowering the activation energy of interfacial Li‐ion transport could enable safer room‐temperature XFC, although effective approaches remain limited. Here, we demonstrate that an amorphous Li ₃ PO ₄ ‐Li ₂ SO ₄ ‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), formed through electrolyte design, regulates interfacial Li‐ion transport by simultaneously tailoring SEI chemistry and facilitating Li ⁺ desolvation, with the apparent activation energy reduced from 39.1 to 21.3 kJ mol ⁻¹ . As a result, 51.6 Ah pouch cells acquire 208.7 Wh kg ⁻¹ of energy within only 10.5 min at room temperature (25°C), representing state‐of‐the‐art fast‐charging performance. Furthermore, a 94 kWh battery pack (3P168S) assembled from 504 mass‐produced pouch cells was integrated into a commercial electric vehicle. The pack was charged from 5% to 85% state‐of‐charge in 11.77 min, delivering 36.0 km of driving distance per minute of charge, surpassing the XFC target for electric vehicles (32.2 km min ⁻¹ ). This work establishes an activation‐energy regulation strategy through coordinated control of interfacial solvation and SEI chemistry, providing a practical pathway toward room‐temperature XFC batteries and design principles for next‐generation fast‐charging technologies.