Extreme Wind Pressure Characteristics of a Low-Rise Ancillary Building Under Wind–Sand Conditions

This study employs the Euler–Lagrange numerical method to examine the extreme wind pressure characteristics of typical low auxiliary buildings in a strong wind-blown sand environment. The sand-laden flow exhibits enhanced velocity fluctuations and flow unsteadiness, providing the flow-field basis for the observed changes in extreme wind pressure. In the sand-laden flow, extreme wind pressure coefficients at the windward edges and corners of roofs are significantly higher compared to those in the particle-free flow. Probabilistic estimates of extreme wind pressure indicate that the corners, edges of roofs, and edges of side walls are particularly vulnerable to damage from extreme wind pressure, with the likelihood of destruction further increased. For the specific 15° gable-roof building and representative sandstorm condition considered, the local wind pressure shape coefficients μs1 in roof corner regions and roof/wall edge regions increase by approximately 15% and 10%, respectively. These findings are preliminary and case-specific, and their broader applicability requires systematic parametric studies and further validation.