Exploring the Role of Flexible Work Environments in Enhancing Employee Retention in the Wastewater Treatment Industry: A Qualitative Study Using NVivo

Purpose: This study explores the role of flexible work arrangements in enhancing employee retention in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating within the wastewater treatment industry (WWTI) in Noida, India. Design/Methodology/Approach: A qualitative research design was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted across twenty-five SMEs. NVivo 14 software was used to perform thematic analysis of interview data. Findings: The study identified that workplace flexibility—such as adjustable shifts, hybrid models for administrative roles, and jobsharing practices—contributed to improved employee satisfaction and retention. However, operational limitations and regulatory requirements hinder widespread adoption of such policies. Practical Implications: The study provides actionable strategies for SMEs to implement flexible work models and improve workforce stability, despite inherent structural and financial constraints. Originality/Value: This research bridges a gap by examining flexible work practices in an industrial setting traditionally known for rigid roles and high attrition. The findings offer a sector-specific perspective on employee engagement and retention.