Exploring Innovative Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Among biologically active heterocyclic scaffolds, nitrogen‐containing 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones stand out as versatile building blocks for numerous naturally occurring products. These compounds have garnered significant attention due to their impressive range of pharmaceutical properties, which include analgesic, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. The diverse therapeutic applications of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones have made them a focal point for organic and medicinal chemists striving to develop novel compounds for drug discovery and development. The incorporation of the 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one nucleus into various chemical entities has opened new avenues in medicinal chemistry, fostering the design of innovative therapies. Traditional synthetic methods, however, often involve complex multi‐step processes that can be time‐consuming and inefficient. As a result, there has been a notable shift toward employing metals as catalysts in synthesizing these valuable heterocycles. Metal‐catalyzed reactions offer several advantages, including the ability to recycle catalysts, eco‐friendliness, straightforward catalyst preparation and separation, extended catalyst lifespan, and desired products with high yields. This review focuses on the recent advancements, challenges and future outlooks in the heterogeneous catalyzed synthesis of functionalized 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones. The review provides an overview of the recent reusable catalytic methods, particularly highlighting one‐pot reactions that streamline the synthetic process. By emphasizing the innovative strategies employed in this field, we aim to illustrate the potential of heterogeneous catalysis since 2020 onwards in producing these essential bioactive compounds efficiently and sustainably. Through this examination, there is a hope to inspire further research and development in synthesizing 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones, facilitating their incorporation into therapeutic agents.