Exploring ChatGPT as a Simulated Client: A Feasibility Study in Undergraduate Counselor Training

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) offers new possibilities for simulation-based counselor training by enabling scalable, text-based interactions that mimic human dialogue. This exploratory feasibility study examined whether ChatGPT can serve as a simulated counseling client and feedback provider for undergraduate students learning counseling skills. Five upperclassmen completed a 45–60-minute text-based session with ChatGPT portraying “Sarah,” a college student experiencing depression and loneliness, followed by AI feedback and a semi-structured interview. Trained raters judged ChatGPT’s client portrayal and feedback as generally accurate, particularly for tone, empathy, and identification of students’ strengths. Accuracy was lower for rapport, summarizing, and pacing characteristic of an initial session. Students described the experience as realistic, easy to use, and low-pressure, appreciating the opportunity to pause and reflect between responses while noting the absence of nonverbal cues. Collectively, findings demonstrate the feasibility and instructional potential of ChatGPT as a low-cost supplement to traditional role-plays, supporting reflective, feedback-rich skill development in early counselor preparation.