Exploratory Assessment of Changes in Biophilic Design Attributes in Selected Warsaw Office Buildings (1952–2026)

Biophilic design improves environmental quality, user well-being, and sustainability in office buildings, yet its long-term structural evolution remains significantly understudied. This study examines 15 office buildings in Warsaw, Poland, spanning over seven decades (1952–2026), to assess chronological shifts in biophilic attributes. Applying a framework based on Kellert’s principles, 34 design attributes were evaluated across six macro-categories. Composite Multi-Criteria Assessment scores (MCATotal), Spearman’s rank correlations, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were utilized to analyze temporal variations and relational structures. Although descriptive mean MCATotal scores were higher in the most recent cohort (57.2 in 2016–2026 vs. 43.8 in 1952–1999 and 39.8 in 2000–2015), between-period differences did not reach statistical significance (Kruskal–Wallis p = 0.155). This variation represents an exploratory descriptive pattern within the purposive sample rather than a statistically confirmed historical transition.