Experimental Validation of a Compact and Versatile Bioimpedance Measurement Platform Based on the SENSIPLUS Chip

The growing demand for wearable and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices is driving the development of compact, low-power platforms for continuous physiological monitoring. Bioimpedance analysis represents a versatile non-invasive technique for the assessment of tissue properties, body composition, and respiratory dynamics. This work presents a comprehensive experimental validation of a compact bioimpedance measurement platform based on the SENSIPLUS chip, a CMOS sensor interface integrating a frequency-programmable lock-in amplifier for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in the 10 kHz–1 MHz range. The platform was validated at three complementary levels: (i) electrical characterization on Debye tissue-equivalent circuits using a three-point bilinear calibration, with analysis of the electrode–skin contribution and repeatability assessment; (ii) in vivo multi-frequency bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) with Cole–Cole model fitting and hook-effect correction; and (iii) single-frequency thoracic impedance plethysmography for respiratory monitoring. Results were compared against an Agilent E4980A precision Inductance (L), Capacitance (C), and Resistance (R) meter and a calibrated spirometer. The presented device achieved a maximum resistance error below 5.7% and reactance deviation under 6 Ω across the investigated frequency range, Cole–Cole parameters consistent with reference values, and strong linear correlation (R2=0.97) between thoracic impedance variations and tidal volume, with respiratory rate estimation errors below 2% across the ten sessions, specifically 1.43% during normal breathing and 1.96% during deep breathing. These results demonstrate that the SENSIPLUS-based platform achieves metrological performance compatible with the requirements of wearable IoMT applications, here demonstrated in a single-subject proof-of-concept study, while relying for all critical analog functions on a compact (1.5×1.5) mm2 system-on-chip with low power consumption (1.5 mW).