Experimental Study on Leakage and Dispersion Characteristics of Gaseous CO2 from Offshore Platform

During CO2 pipeline transportation, factors such as third-party interference, pipeline corrosion, and material defects may cause pipeline rupture and CO2 leakage, posing a threat to the safety of surrounding personnel. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the leakage and dispersion characteristics of CO2 pipelines. Based on the similarity theory, this study established an offshore platform experimental system, measured the CO2 concentration variation patterns at different positions on the offshore platform during leakage and dispersion, and identified the influence laws of leakage direction (0°~90°), leakage pressure (1.5~3 MPa), leakage time (1~4 min), and environmental wind speed (0~0.5 m/s) on the leakage and dispersion characteristics of pipeline stations. The results show that when leakage pressure increases, the reading of sensor No. 15 remains unaffected and the maximum concentration is measured at a certain distance from the leakage port; leakage duration has minimal impact; ambient wind speed mainly affects near-field concentration; increasing leakage orifice diameter significantly increases far-field concentration; all sensor readings are zero during vertical leakage; and sensor No. 15 shows the highest reading during 45° upward leakage, while sensor No. 5 shows the highest reading during horizontal leakage. The research results can provide guidance for CO2 transportation and storage on offshore platforms.