Experiences and perceptions of men in occupational therapy in the United Kingdom and United States: A qualitative phenomenological study
Susan Blair, Paul Michaels, Ricardo AltahifBackground:
Occupational therapy remains a predominantly female profession in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). This study explored the lived experiences of male occupational therapy students and practitioners to understand gender-related dynamics in education and practice
Method:
A qualitative phenomenological mixed-methods design was used. Open-ended responses underwent reflexive thematic analysis, while Likert-scale data were analysed descriptively (means, standard deviations) to support interpretation of findings. No inferential analyses were conducted.
Results:
Participants consistently perceived occupational therapy as a predominantly female profession. Themes included social isolation, stereotyping, and gendered expectations during academic preparation and early career stages. While some reported perceived advantages in visibility and leadership opportunities, these benefits were inconsistent. Mentorship and role models emerged as critical for fostering inclusion.
Conclusion:
Gender imbalance in occupational therapy shapes experiences of belonging, identity, and progression. Findings underscore the need for gender-awareness training, inclusive curricula, and structured mentorship to support male recruitment and retention in the profession.