Examining socio-economic disparities in egg and/or flesh food consumption among Indonesian children: a decomposition analysis of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey
Bunga Astria Paramashanti, Intan Yusuf Habibie, Muhammad Iqbal, Yunita Amraeni, Ning Sulistiyowati, Muhammad Agus Mikrajab, Wahyu Pudji NugraheniAbstract
Objective:
To examine the extent of socio-economic inequality in the consumption of egg and/or flesh foods among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia and identify key contributing factors.
Design:
Secondary analysis of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. We applied the Wagstaff normalised concentration index to quantify inequality in the consumption of egg, flesh food and their combination. A decomposition analysis was conducted to assess the relative contributions of child, parental, household and regional factors.
Setting:
Indonesia.
Participants:
A total of 4925 children aged 6–23 months were included.
Results:
The consumption of egg and/or flesh foods was disproportionately concentrated among children from wealthier households. The concentration index was highest for flesh food consumption ( C norm = 0·175, P < 0·001), followed by egg and/or flesh food ( C norm = 0·147, P < 0·001) and egg only (0·065, P = 0·002). Household wealth was the largest contributor to inequality across all outcomes, particularly for flesh food. Other key contributors included the father’s occupation, maternal education and media access. In egg consumption, antenatal care use and maternal decision-making also played substantial roles.
Conclusion:
Significant pro-rich inequalities exist in the consumption of animal-source foods among young children in Indonesia, primarily driven by household wealth and parental socio-economic characteristics. Targeted policies are needed to reduce these disparities and improve dietary equity in early childhood.