Evolution of Economic Systems in the Era of Technological Shift: From Market Fundamentalism to an Integral Platform Order

The article examines the evolution of economic systems amidst the shift in technological and world economic paradigms, accelerated by digitalization and the proliferation of platform business models. The aim of the study is to substantiate the platform economy as a qualitatively new integral order that combines market mechanisms, hierarchical coordination, and algorithmic governance. The methodological basis comprises systemic, institutional, comparative, and evolutionary approaches, the theory of technological paradigms, as well as methods of theoretical modeling and comparative analysis of international regulatory practice. The empirical foundation consists of scientific publications, open statistics, documents of international organizations, and regulatory acts characterizing the development of the platform sector and modern approaches to its state regulation. It is demonstrated that digital platforms perform the functions of meta-institutions and private regulators: they establish rules of access and interaction, manage information flows, pricing, and competition, concentrating infrastructural power in the hands of data and algorithm owners. The scientific novelty lies in the development of the transaction cost reconfiguration concept. It is established that the reduction of search, quality measurement, and contract conclusion costs is accompanied by an increase in switching costs, subordination to algorithms, adaptation to unilateral rule changes, and loss of privacy. This transformation creates a stable dependence of participants on platforms and serves as a source of ecosystem rent. A comparison of European, Chinese, and American regulatory models revealed differences between strict ex-ante control, a flexible combination of ex-post and ex-ante instruments, and a case-based antitrust approach. It is concluded that a differentiated regulatory strategy is advisable for Russia, one that takes into account the development stage of platforms, supports national digital ecosystems, and simultaneously limits the abuse of market power. The practical significance of the results is associated with the formulation of a proactive development policy focused on technological sovereignty, investments in the new paradigm, and the use of platform infrastructure in the public interest.