Evaluation of the quality of bone regeneration in large mandibular defects of canines using adipose-derived stem cells
Mahdi Sadeghi, Ali Hossein Mesgarzadeh, Hajar Shafaei, Seyedhosein Jarolmasjed, Islam NasiriABSTRACT
Background:
Defects of significant size in the mandible require bone graft regeneration. Tissue engineering presents an innovative approach to address these issues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of bone formation in large mandibular defects in canines utilizing adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs).
Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, six dogs were examined. The study design included collecting samples from the adipose tissue of adult dogs, isolating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, culturing ASCs in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 1% penicillin–streptomycin, identifying canine ASCs, grafting the ASCs into gelatin foam, and conducting surgery to produce a standardized defect. In the control group, the defect was treated with a titanium plate and gelatin foam, whereas in the treatment group, the titanium plate, gelatin foam, and ASCs were used. After 6 months, mandibular biopsies were performed to evaluate bone tissue architecture using histological techniques and immunohistochemistry to assess osteocalcin protein expression as an indicator of bone tissue formation within the defect.
Results:
Findings from hematoxylin and eosin and Alizarin Red staining demonstrated the development of mature bone characterized by a structured Haversian system and significant vascularization in the ASC-treated group. Based on immunohistochemical findings, application of ASCs on gelatin foam resulted in detectable osteocalcin expression within the large bone defects.
Conclusion:
In mandibular defects, the ASC-treated group exhibited superior bone tissue quality compared with the control group.