Evaluation of the Properties of Granite–Bamboo Chips Sustainable Concrete Confined in Basalt Mesh

The construction industry urgently requires sustainable alternatives to conventional concrete to reduce the high carbon footprint and environmental degradation associated with the extraction of natural aggregates and the use of steel reinforcement. This study investigates the structural performance of granite (G)–bamboo chip (BC) concrete, confined and unconfined in basalt mesh (BM), to identify the mix with the most suitable engineering properties for sustainable concrete production. Experimental and numerical analyses were conducted on six concrete mix series (GBC1–GBC6) prepared with a constant water/binder ratio of 0.40 and a mix ratio of 1:0.59:0.59, where GBC1 (100% G, 0% BCs) served as the control mix. At the same time, GBC2, GBC3, GBC4, GBC5, and GBC6 contained 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% BC replacement of G coarse aggregate by volume, respectively. The results showed a decrease in the compressive strength ( f _c ) of GBC concrete with increasing BC content except GBC2 replacing 20% G with BC; however, confinement with BM significantly improved the f _c . GBC2 exhibited the highest f _c of 49.50 N/mm ² , while GBC3 recorded the highest slump value and the minimum f _c of 1.61 N/mm ² . Water absorption increased with higher BC replacement, ranging from a minimum of 3.1% for GBC1 to a maximum of 16.6% for GBC6. The modulus of elasticity followed a trend similar to the f _c , with concrete cubes attaining a maximum of 7.7 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ N/mm ² and a minimum of 1.4 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ N/mm ² , while concrete cylinders recorded a maximum of 8.2 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N/mm ² and a minimum of 3.6 × 10 ⁻¹¹ N/mm ² . Stress–strain analysis using ANSYS further showed that GBC2 exhibited the highest maximum and minimum stresses of 47.586 and 34.804 MPa, respectively. Overall, replacing G with BMs in concrete confined with BM resulted in a considerable improvement in strength, demonstrating the potential of this composite system as a high‐performance and environmentally sustainable construction material.