DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_361_25 ISSN: 0972-124X

Evaluation of the osteogenic potential of Psidium guajava leaf powder for periodontal regeneration using human dental pulp stem cells: An in vitro study

Palak Kasliwal, Surekha Rathod, Abhay Kolte, Avinash Kharat, Pranjali Bawankar, Krati Bakliwal
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Abstract:

Background:

Psidium guajava ( P. guajava ) is recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic potential of P. guajava leaf powder by assessing its ability to induce differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Materials and Methods:

hDPSCs were isolated and characterized through surface marker expression, followed by evaluation of cytotoxicity, mineralization potential, and gene expression profiles using untreated controls and P. guajava leaf powder as the test material.

Results:

The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay confirmed no cytotoxicity at 2–50 μg/mL, with 20 μg/mL showing the highest cell viability. Flow cytometry confirmed high expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers CD73 (99.72%), CD90 (96.65%), and CD105 (99.41%), while hematopoietic markers CD34 (2.78%), CD45 (1.36%), and HLA-DR (1.33%) were absent. Alizarin staining demonstrated enhanced mineralization in the test group. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant increase in osteogenic markers, with osteonectin (OCN) expression rising to 51.98 ± 8.62 in the test group compared to 1.001 ± 0.069 in the control ( P = 0.014), and alkaline phosphatase levels reaching 37.98 ± 0.097 in the test versus 0.951 ± 0.099 in the control group ( P = 0.0007).

Conclusion:

P. guajava leaf powder promotes osteogenic differentiation in hDPSCs and holds promise as a natural agent for bone regeneration.

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