Evaluation of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in a contemporary cohort of penile squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathologic and survival parameters: A study of 134 patients
Anandi Lobo, Sourav K Mishra, Shilpy Jha, Ankit Tiwari, Rahul Kapoor, Shivani Sharma, Seema Kaushal, N Sri Kiranmai, M Rakshitha Das, Kamal P Peddinti, Shailendra K Sharma, Nitin Bhardwaj, Samriti Arora, Deepika Jain, Ekta Jain, Gauri Munjal, Sayali Shinde, Vipra Malik, Hena Singh, Juhi Varshney, Dinesh Pradhan, Mallika Dixit, Niharika Pattnaik, Ashish K Sharma, Yogesh R Barapatre, Manas Pradhan, Kaliprasad Satapathy, Debadarshi Rath, Sunil Jaiswal, Stithi Das, Chiraranjan Khadenga, Sudhasmita Routa, Manas R Baisakh, Romila Tiwari, Nakul Y Sampat, Indranil Chakrabarti, Anil V Parwani, Sambit K Mohanty- General Medicine
Abstract
Objectives
Penile squamous cell carcinomas (PCs) are rare malignancies with a dismal prognosis in a metastatic setting; therefore, novel immunotherapeutic modalities are an unmet need. One such modality is the immune checkpoint molecule programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). We sought to analyze PD-L1 expression and its correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters in a contemporary cohort of 134 patients with PC.
Methods
A cohort of 134 patients with PC was studied for PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. The PD-L1 expression was evaluated using a combined proportion score with a cutoff of 1 or higher to define positivity. The results were correlated with various clinicopathologic parameters.
Results
Overall, 77 (57%) patients had positive PD-L1 expression. Significantly high PD-L1 expression was observed in high-grade tumors (P = .006). We found that 37% of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated subtypes and 73% of other histotype tumors expressed PD-L1, while 63% of HPV-associated tumors and 27% of other histotype tumors did not (odds ratio, 1.35; P = .002 when compared for HPV-associated groups vs all others). Similarly, PD-L1–positive tumors had a 3.61-times higher chance of being node positive than PD-L1–negative tumors (P = .0009). In addition, PD-L1 high–positive tumors had a 5-times higher chance of being p16ink4a negative than PD-L1 low–positive tumors (P = .004). The PD-L1–positive tumors had a lower overall survival and cancer-specific survival than PD-L1–negative tumors.
Conclusions
Overall, PD-L1 expression is associated with high-grade and metastatic tumors. Lower PD-L1 expression is observed more frequently in HPV-associated (warty or basaloid) subtypes than in other, predominantly HPV-independent types. As a result, PD-L1 positivity, including higher expression, portends lower overall and cancer-specific survival. These data provide a rational for further investigating PD-L1–based immunotherapeutics in PC.