Evaluation of fluoride ion release in silver-doped hydroxyapatite-modified glass ionomer cement: An in vitro study
Maansi Jain, Sannapureddy Swapna, Kiranmayi Govula, Lavanya Anumula, Chinni SuneelkumarAbstract
Introduction:
Dental caries is the most common noncommunicable disease worldwide. Fluoride is an effective anticariogenic agent, and restorative cement that releases fluoride ions over time is glass ionomer cement (GIC). The main drawback of GICs is their mechanical strength, and to improve their mechanical or antibacterial properties, various nanoparticles, such as magnesium oxide, hydroxyapatite, silver, and others, have been tested.
Aim:
This study work aims to dope hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with silver nanoparticles and incorporate them into glass ionomer cement and assess fluoride release.
Materials and Methods:
Ten-disc specimens of 10 mm in diameter(d) and 2 mm in height(h) from group I, Conventional GIC, and group II silver-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were reinforced. Glass ionomer cement was prepared using fabricated Teflon Molds and placed in centrifuge tubes with 15 ml of fresh deionized water. The ion concentration was determined at 24h, 14 days, and 28 days using ion-selective electrodes.
Results and Discussion:
Nano-modified GIC exhibited controlled fluoride release, with much lower initial burst and gradual reduction, indicating optimized long-term stability. Although the overall percentage of fluoride released by conventional GIC was higher, the controlled profile of nano-modified GIC (p < 0.001 between groups) might be the key to achieving equal efficacy and decreased leaching potential, thereby maintaining therapeutic effect over time (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
Silver-doped hydroxyapatite-modified glass ionomer cements are effective in combining fluoride release with increased mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity. Such nano-modified GICs have great potential for use as new restorative materials in dental practice.