Evaluating Spatial Augmented Reality Performance and Human‐Centricity for Operator 5.0 Assistance in Assembly: Insights From an Empirical Study

ABSTRACT

In the realm of Industry 5.0, the concept of Operator 5.0 emphasises the role of technologies enhancing human capabilities and adaptability. Augmented Reality, which shows potential to improve productivity, cognitive support, and workplace efficiency is one promising technology, being able to provide real‐time access to instructions, facilitate assistance, and enhance operator performance. Nevertheless, its industrial adoption faces several challenges, including the need for specialised expertise in system design and concerns regarding the technology’s usability. To fulfil the gaps related to the development of human‐centric AR solutions, this study explores the impact of AR‐based guidance in assembly processes, through an experimental approach. A test conducted in laboratory involving 24 users demonstrates the AR's effectiveness in reducing errors and achieving high rates of usability, even if time increases in the tasks' completion were observed. The findings offer theoretical and practical insights to foster successful implementation of AR in manufacturing, understanding its benefits and challenges and highlighting its potential to optimise assembly operations and enhance workforce wellbeing and resilience.