Evaluating Performance of Transvaginal Doppler Parameters in Differentiating Cervical Neoplastic Severity

Background/Objectives: Angiogenesis plays a central role in the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to cervical cancer (CC). Transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography (TVDUSG) offers a non-invasive means of assessing hemodynamic changes associated with neoplastic transformation. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of uterine artery (UA) Doppler parameters across the full cervical disease spectrum and their associations with adverse prognostic features and clinicopathological features in CC. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 170 patients who were divided into four groups: controls, CIN 1, CIN 2–3, and CC. All underwent TVDUSG prior to treatment. Pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), peak systolic velocity (PS), end-diastolic velocity (ED), PS/ED ratio, ED/PS ratio, and time-averaged maximum velocity were recorded. ROC curve analysis was performed to assess diagnostic performance. Results: PI and RI increased progressively from controls to CC, while ED declined across groups (all p < 0.001). In patients with CC, PI correlated with tumor volume and was elevated in those with advanced-stage, parametrial and lymph node involvement (all p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed strong diagnostic performance for PI in distinguishing CC from controls (AUC = 0.861, sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 80.4%); however, PI showed limited ability to distinguish cervical cancer specifically from high-grade CIN (AUC = 0.593). Conclusions: UA Doppler parameters, particularly PI, are associated with cervical neoplastic severity and adverse prognostic features in CC. TVDUSG may serve as a practical, non-invasive adjunct in the preoperative evaluation of cervical neoplasia, especially where advanced imaging is unavailable.