Establishment of an Indirect ELISA Detection Method for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus NSP10

As a highly contagious infectious disease in the swine industry, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) can cause reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory diseases in piglets, resulting in sustained economic losses. Nonstructural protein 10 (NSP 10), as one of the core components of the replication and transcription complex of PRRS virus (PRRSV), has both helicase and adenosine triphosphatase activities, and has the potential as a diagnostic marker. In this study, NSP10 recombinant protein was used as coating antigen, and an indirect ELISA method for PRRSV NSP10 detection was established by square matrix titration. After optimizing the assay parameters, high specificity (no reactions with other pig viruses), high sensitivity (able to detect antibodies even when the positive blood sample was diluted 1280 times), and excellent reproducibility (less than 10% variation) were shown. Therefore, the NSP10 indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed in this study provides an effective technical means for enhancing PRRSV surveillance in swine herds, thereby establishing a solid foundation for the clinical diagnosis and comprehensive prevention and control of PRRSV.