Establishing a Cost-effective Three-dimensional Printing System as a Resource for Making Anatomical Models
Suman Verma, Dharmaraj Wamanrao Tamgire, Urvi SharmaIntroduction:
The three-dimensional (3D) printing is a novel technology that may use fused deposition modeling (FDM) to convert digital 3D models to physical entities. These models significantly improve spatial recognition and anatomical content retention among medical students. However, a steep learning curve and financial constraints may be prohibitive for educators to venture into 3D printing. This project aimed to initiate a viable and affordable 3D printing set-up for making anatomical models.
Materials and Methods:
A beginner-level FDM 3D printer was used from July to December 2025. The digital model designs in standard tessellation language format were taken from the free sources available on the internet. The geometric code was generated in the printer’s specific slicer software. Supports were added in the slicer based on the structural complexity. The polylactic acid filament was used to build all the models.
Results:
A total of 157 models were made, and the failure rate was 19.4%. The 3D prints were lightweight, easy to handle, and affordable as per the estimated cost. The models had all the major anatomical details and high fidelity. The supports were required for all the anatomical models. Postprint processing involved clearing supports from the model. The most common cause of print failure was warping due to poor adhesion, and it required altering the type of supports.
Conclusion:
It is feasible to establish an affordable 3D printing system to make anatomical models. It may provide a valuable resource for teaching complex concepts to medical students by giving the tactile feedback and help learners gain a better understanding.