Essential Oils in Aromatic Plants: Chemistry, Isolation, Applications, Safety and Regulatory Framework

Aromatic plants and essential oils have long been recognized for their useful properties and broad applicability across various industrial sectors, particularly in the realm of food applications. This article aims to comprehensively review the botanical, chemical and technological dimensions of aromatic plants and their essential oils, covering isolation techniques and exploring their applications in sectors such as in the food, biomedical, cosmetic and personal care, household and agricultural sectors. Beginning with an overview of the background and significance of these natural substances, the review delves into the properties of aromatic plants and essential oils, elucidating their chemical compositions and therapeutic effects. The isolation of essential oils and their analysis are discussed, providing insights into the developments in the field. Furthermore, encapsulation methods are examined for their role in enhancing stability and bioavailability for food, cosmetic and agriculture applications. The review also addresses regulatory frameworks and food and cosmetic safety considerations, governing their present and future use.