Epidemiology, modern diagnostic methods and comprehensive treatment of brain echinococcosis

Objective: To study issues of epidemiology, modern diagnostic methods and comprehensive approaches to the treatment of echinococcosis of the brain. Materials and Methods: The review article analyzed literary sources from the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and eLibrary databases, found 752 sources, from which 36 articles were selected during the analysis process, examining the chosen topic, mainly over the past 8 years. Results: The epidemiological and epizootological situation for echinococcosis in the world remains unfavorable. According to the analysis of scientific literature, the incidence of echinococcosis is recorded in 6-12.8 cases per 100 thousand among the residents of Tajikistan; among the residents of Russia - 0.39-3.0; among the residents of Algeria - 3.4; among the residents of Kuwait - 3.6; among the residents of Kazakhstan - from 5.0 to 6.3; among the residents of Morocco - 6.5-7.8; among the residents of China - 8.7; among the residents of Uzbekistan - from 2.3 to 9.0; among the residents of Jordan - 15; among the residents of Tunisia - 16.5; among the residents of Kyrgyzstan - from 3.6 to 21.2. In Central Asian countries, approximately 58% of the population is at risk of contracting echinococcosis. Cerebral echinococcosis is a rare form of echinococcosis, with an overall incidence ranging from 0.2% to 5.0%. This disease is most commonly diagnosed in children aged 2 to 10 years (21.1%) and in young adults aged 11 to 30 years (54.9%). Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are effective in diagnosing cerebral echinococcosis. The standard neurosurgical treatment for cerebral echinococcosis is removal of the cyst with its capsule intact. Conclusion: Currently, given the likelihood of further spread of the invasion and an increase in the incidence of the disease among people, the issues of timely detection of patients in the early stages of the disease, clinical prognosis, selection of optimal surgical tactics, prevention of postoperative complications and chemotherapy, as well as relapses of the disease and dispensary observation are relevant.