Entropy Generation Analysis on Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Blood Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid With Nonlinear Radiative Heat Flux

ABSTRACT

The scientists are fascinated by increasing the industrial and engineering progression, and this is why it is essential to examine the working of each device. This is promising by confirming that specific progressions are unalterable. The entropy generation rate is a degree of energy missing amount inside a structure and is worthwhile in falling wasted‐ness or exploiting productivity. The dynamics of Nanofluid, an innovative field of fluid dynamics with usages in energetics, remedial study, and natural science, has risen in new spans. Nanoparticles overwhelming the appropriate capacities can be formed naturally or synthetically in research laboratories. Healthcare drug transportation is one of the uses of nanomaterials. The progress of nanoparticles to support yield chemotherapy treatments straight to malevolent developments and provide medications to damaged portions of blood vessels to treat cardiovascular infection. In the present paper, the thermophysical and rheological properties of hybrid nanofluids on flow patterns are studied. Mixed convective flow of blood‐based hybrid nanofluids considering two distinct nanomaterials, such as () and . Porous medium effects are described by using the Darcy–Forchheimer relation. Nonlinear radiation is used to study heat transfer, and a stretching boundary is further subjected to convective conditions. The entropy generation equation for every type of nanofluid is determined by using the second law of thermodynamics. Additionally, in order to make the model more comprehensive, the cubic autocatalysis chemical reaction with irreversibility analysis is taken into consideration. Adopting the procedure of transformations, highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are received from leading partial differential equations (PDEs). The coupled ordinary differential equations are handled by the utilization of the optimal homotopy analysis approach. Some remarkable special cases of Bejan number transport, entropy generation rate, velocity, concentration, and temperature are addressed to improve the novelty of the stated article. The study shows that fluid motion is retarded with an increase in volume fraction of both () and –water nanofluids. The higher values of the porosity parameter reduced the velocity of fluid in the y ‐direction. It is found that the Forchheimer number is discovered to have a contrasting impact on velocity–temperature curves. Furthermore, the temperature ratio factor exaggerates the temperature field, thermal Biot number, and volume fraction of () and nanoparticles. The concentration of nanofluids declines for both homogeneous reaction and heterogeneous reaction variables. Higher approximations of both homogeneous reaction variable and diffusion parameter associated with homogeneous reaction variable lead to improved entropy rate. Bejan number rises with but declines with . The heat development amount owing to water‐based nanoparticles is quite remarkable related to blood‐based nanomaterials. Also, local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are enhanced for higher volume fraction of ()‐ and –water nanofluids. The current work is useful in the latest technologies containing biosciences, pharmaceuticals, engineering, and chemical industries to improve their efficiency.