DOI: 10.1108/msar-07-2025-0267 ISSN: 2752-9819

Entrepreneurship education, self-efficacy and social capital as predictors of entrepreneurial intentions: the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and attitude

Akram Sami Fayez, Hadi Al-Abrrow

Purpose

This study examines the relationships between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, social capital and entrepreneurial intention, while considering the mediating roles of individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial attitude.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative survey questionnaire was administered to 350 graduate students from Iraqi universities in entrepreneurship-related fields. The proposed hypotheses were tested using path analysis within a structural equation modelling framework.

Findings

The results indicate that entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and social capital are significantly associated with entrepreneurial intention. However, only individual entrepreneurial orientation emerged as a consistent mediator within these relationships, whereas entrepreneurial attitude did not demonstrate a significant mediating effect. These findings suggest that the influence of these antecedents on entrepreneurial intention is conditional on the specific cognitive mechanisms activated within the educational context.

Research limitations/implications

This study emphasises the essential roles of entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and social capital in shaping and empowering students’ entrepreneurial mindsets, highlighting the need for targeted entrepreneurial programmes at the university level.

Originality/value

This study refines understanding of entrepreneurial intention within the Theory of Planned Behaviour framework by demonstrating that entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and social capital influence entrepreneurial intention both directly and indirectly through distinct cognitive mechanisms, with individual entrepreneurial orientation emerging as a more consistent mediator than entrepreneurial attitude.

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