Enrichment of Algerian Phosphate Using Combined Method to Reduce Reject Production

Abstract

The extraction and processing of mineral resources are considered fundamental pillars of global economic development, given their importance across various sectors. Phosphates are among these strategic resources; the largest reserves are found in Morocco and Western Sahara, Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria, totaling 2.2 billion tons by 2024.

In Algerian deposits, two types of phosphate are distinguished: one beige and the other black; this variation is attributed to the significant presence of organic matter. Currently, these two types are processed using dedusting and desliming methods. These methods yield, on the one hand, concentrates with a P₂O₅ content of 29 to 30%; and on the other hand, they result in the loss of useful minerals along with the waste rock. To prevent this loss, a new combined calcination-reverse flotation method is used; this method optimizes phosphate recovery while minimizing waste production. The P₂O₅ content reaches 33.88% with a recovery rate of 97.93%, whereas for the tailings portion, the recovery rate is negligible (2.07%).

The application of these techniques helps prevent waste generation, thereby contributing to the protection of the environment and human health. However, this can also generate other residues due to the use of chemical reagents. To address this issue, waste water can be recycled and treated within the treatment process. Reducing discharge rates and recycling generated waste contribute to the adoption of zero-waste approaches.