Enhancing Thin Film Perovskite/Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Tandem Solar Cells With Spherical Nanoparticles for Sustained Efficiency

This study investigates the use of spherical plasmonic nanoparticles to enhance the performance of thin‐film perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cells. The individual layer thicknesses were first optimized by the researchers, with 250 nm for perovskite and 350 nm for CIGS established as ideal for balancing light absorption and material usage. To further boost efficiency, spherical aluminum and silver nanoparticles were embedded within the CIGS absorber layer. Simulations revealed that the nanoparticles’ size, material, and spatial arrangement critically influence current density, with optimal cluster configurations achieving up to 16.7 mA/cm ² . Finally, by fine‐tuning the perovskite layer thickness to 217.5 nm for current matching, a final tandem cell current density of 17.8 mA/cm ² and a notable power conversion efficiency of 27.90% were achieved. The findings demonstrate that combining optimized layer design with precisely engineered plasmonic nanostructures is a promising strategy for developing high‐efficiency, cost‐effective thin‐film photovoltaics.