Enhancing Subjective Well-Being through Indoor and Outdoor Greenspace Planning: Community and Sociodemographic Moderators during and after COVID-19 Confinement

Urban greenspaces are vital for enhancing well-being, particularly during public health crises. This study investigates the effects of indoor greenery, green window views, and outdoor greenspaces on subjective well-being in Shanghai during COVID-19 confinement transitions ( N = 3,010). High-quality outdoor greenspace and green window views enhanced well-being during confinement but diminished afterward. Inside-community greenspaces supported well-being post-confinement, while outside-community greenspaces benefited affluent residents but were less effective for low-income groups. Age-specific differences further shaped greenspace benefits. Findings support planning strategies to foster community self-organizing initiatives, emphasizing improved access and quality to enhance well-being during crises and promote resilience in urban living.