Enhancing Security and Transparency in Satellite Data Transactions Using Ethereum‐Based Blockchain

ABSTRACT

Securing satellite data transactions is critical as satellite communication supports global connectivity, navigation, earth observation and aviation. Sensitive inter‐satellite data requires robust protection, and aircraft‐ground station links must prevent hazards. Vulnerabilities could breach security protocols, compromising confidentiality and incurring legal consequences. This paper presents the first integration of proof‐of‐authority (PoA) consensus, ERC1155 multi‐token standard and threshold cryptography for satellite data transactions. Unlike prior blockchain‐based proposals that rely on single‐key encryption or energy‐intensive proof‐of‐work (PoW), our system (i) uses ERC1155 to batch different data types in one contract (reducing gas costs by 40%), (ii) distributes private keys via Shamir's secret sharing (k‐of‐n) to eliminate single points of failure and (iii) implements dynamic share rotation during orbital handovers (98% success). Simulations show 12.5 ms average latency, 50 messages/second throughput and 40% lower gas costs versus PoW systems (0.0006 ETH/message). Threshold cryptography increases cracking complexity to operations, while PoA, under our simulation assumptions, achieves 100% detection of man‐in‐the‐middle attacks and 0% success for reentrancy/Sybil attacks. Dynamic share recovery during orbital handovers attains 98% success, outperforming traditional methods in resilience and efficiency.