Engineered Neutrophils in Translational Medicine: Gene Editing, Nanotechnology, and AI‐Driven Clinical Breakthroughs

ABSTRACT

Engineered neutrophils, modified via advanced biotechnological tools, are emerging as pivotal agents in translational medicine. By integrating gene editing (e.g., CRISPR‐Cas9), nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence (AI), these cells are redefining precision diagnostics and therapeutics. Gene editing enables precise reprogramming to enhance tumor‐targeting, antimicrobial activity, and immune modulation. Nanotechnology facilitates neutrophil‐bound drug delivery, improving targeting to inflamed or tumor sites while reducing off‐target effects. Simultaneously, AI‐driven platforms analyze multi‐omics data to optimize engineering strategies and personalize treatments. These innovations demonstrate significant promise across clinical domains: in oncology, they deliver cytotoxic payloads and remodel the tumor microenvironment; in infectious diseases, they enhance pathogen clearance; and in autoimmune disorders, they dampen aberrant inflammatory responses. Despite this progress, challenges including off‐target edits, short in vivo persistence, and immune rejection persist. The convergence of microfluidics and high‐throughput screening, coupled with AI‐driven monitoring, is essential to accelerate clinical translation. As interdisciplinary collaboration deepens, engineered neutrophils stand at the forefront of next‐generation medicine, offering versatile, patient‐tailored strategies to bridge the gap between bioengineering breakthroughs and clinical reality.