Energy Transition Trends in Poland in 2005–2024

This study describes changes in Poland’s electricity system during 2005–2024 using PSE gross electricity balances, KOBiZE fuel inputs for public electricity and heat (IPCC 1.A.1.a), KOBiZE electricity-attributed combustion CO2, and Eurostat SHARES renewable electricity. Published inputs and reporting boundaries are identified separately. Between 2005 and 2024, public electricity-and-heat fuel input declined by 26.0%, while the renewable-electricity share in gross final electricity consumption rose from 2.5% to 30.4%. Directly published electricity-related CO2 decreased from 120.436 Mt in 2014 to 88.716 Mt in 2024 (−26.3%); electricity-attributed CO2 declined while PSE gross generation increased in both 2014–2019 and 2019–2024. Fixed-2019 segmented regressions with Newey–West inference, rank trends and period-specific comparisons are interpreted descriptively. CO2 for 2005–2013 and 2017 is calculated, not independently observed. Because public electricity-and-heat fuel and electricity-attributable emissions have different reporting boundaries, plant efficiency and fuel-specific causal effects cannot be established from these aggregates.