Energy policy planning and implementation for environmental protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper analyzes the planning and implementation of energy policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina within the context of environmental protection and decarbonization. The primary objective of the research is to identify the causes of the discrepancy between an ambitious regulatory framework, aligned with European Union standards, and the limited results achieved in practice. Through a qualitative analysis of strategic documents and reports from relevant international institutions (UNECE, Energy Community, RCC), the study indicates that institutional barriers, non-transparent concession procedures, and complex governance structures significantly slow down the energy transition. The findings show that maintaining low electricity tariffs and a strong reliance on coal, despite significant renewable energy potential, make Bosnia and Herzegovina vulnerable to emerging market mechanisms such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). It is concluded that energy policy must become an integral part of national security and public health in order to ensure long-term economic sustainability and environmental stability.