Energy Harvesting From CO 2 Emissions: The Role of Gas Concentration, Flow, and Supporting Electrolyte
Simone Martellone, Davide Molino, Pietro Zaccagnini, Giuseppe Ferraro, Silvia Di Martino, Sergio Bocchini, Andrea LambertiABSTRACT
This work explores an innovative approach to convert CO 2 into a valuable energy resource using ionic liquid (IL)–based electrochemical systems. The employed ionic liquid, [DBUH][Im], combines the strong CO 2 affinity of imidazole with the high basicity of DBU, promoting selective carbamate formation while suppressing parasitic reactions. CO 2 chemisorption induces ion rearrangement at the electrode–electrolyte interface, generating a measurable open‐circuit voltage shift. However, the high viscosity of the pristine IL significantly restricts ionic mobility, especially after CO 2 absorption. Dilution with propylene carbonate improves conductivity and enhances electrochemical performance. A multiparametric study was conducted under realistic working conditions, evaluating gas flow rate influence, CO 2 /N 2 selectivity, operating temperature, and long‐term stability. Moreover, the introduction of a supporting‐salt further improved ionic conductivity, interfacial properties, and pore accessibility, leading to higher capacitance and harvested power. Overall, these results highlight the potential of tailored IL‐based electrolytes for integrated CO 2 capture and energy conversion technologies.