Endpoint-Specific Extracellular p53 and CBMN-Cytome Response Profiles in Human Lymphocytes Exposed Ex Vivo to Argovit-C AgNPs: A Two-Donor Pilot Study

Cellular responses to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may differ across cytogenetic, proliferative, cell-death, and molecular endpoints, making their joint interpretation relevant for integrated response profiling. This descriptive two-donor pilot study examined extracellular p53 together with cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cytome) endpoints following ex vivo Argovit-C exposure in whole-blood lymphocyte cultures from one healthy donor (HD) and one with metabolic syndrome (MetS), each evaluated across two independent blood collections. Cultures were exposed to 0.012–12 μg/mL metallic silver, and responses were normalized within each collection to water (0%) and cyclophosphamide (CP; 100%) controls. Endpoint-specific response profiles were observed, with the extracellular p53 signal shifting below the water-control reference across all concentrations and collections, whereas nuclear buds (NBUDs) shifted toward the CP reference and became more pronounced at higher concentrations. Proliferative indices and cytotoxicity remained near the water-control reference, while apoptosis shifted toward the CP reference at higher concentrations, with modest changes in necrosis. Micronuclei (MNi) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) fell below the water-control reference in the MetS-derived system, while remaining near that reference in HD cultures. Across repeated sampling, extracellular p53 and NBUDs retained direction and concentration-profile shape. These findings illustrate the complementary information provided by extracellular p53 and repeated sampling for assessing within-donor stability of response profiles.