Electrospun Nanofibers in Wound Management: A Comprehensive Review of Fabrication, Functionality, and Future Directions

ABSTRACT

Wound healing is a complex physiological process involving coordinated interactions among cells, cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components. Recent advances in wound care, including bioengineered skin substitutes, nanotechnology‐based dressings, and growth factor‐loaded biomaterials, have enhanced treatment outcomes. Among these, electrospun nanofibers have emerged as promising wound dressing materials due to their extracellular matrix‐mimicking, high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio, and versatile drug‐loading capabilities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in electrospun nanofiber technology for wound management, highlighting fabrication methods, electrospinning parameters, and the therapeutic potential of incorporated bioactive agents. Relevant literature was collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar using keywords such as “wound healing,” “electrospun nanofibers,” “antimicrobial,” “bioactive wound dressing,” and “electrospinning parameters.” The review discusses current challenges in wound care and examines advances in electrospun nanofiber‐based dressings containing antimicrobial and bioactive compounds. Emphasis is placed on electrospinning parameters that influence nanofiber morphology and functionality. The therapeutic benefits of these systems, including controlled drug delivery, antimicrobial activity, anti‐inflammatory effects, and enhanced tissue regeneration, are critically evaluated. Electrospun nanofibers represent a promising platform for advanced wound therapy. Their biomimetic structure and multifunctional properties offer significant advantages, although translational, manufacturing, and regulatory challenges must be addressed for successful clinical implementation.