Electrospun MoS2/P(VDF-TrFE) Composite Film Enabled Flexible Photoelectric–Piezoelectric Dual-Mode Sensor for Gated Tactile Interaction

Abstract

Flexible multimodal sensors with enhanced signal selectivity are highly desirable for next-generation human–machine interfaces, particularly on curved surfaces where mechanical adaptability and reliable input recognition are both essential. Herein, we report a flexible photoelectric–piezoelectric dual-mode sensor based on an electrospun MoS2/P(VDF-TrFE) composite film with interdigital electrodes on a PET substrate. The composite film integrates the light absorption of MoS2 with the piezoelectricity of P(VDF-TrFE) in a single fibrous membrane, where the intimate interfacial contact between the two components not only enables efficient photocurrent generation but also promotes the electroactive polar phase and dipole alignment of the polymer. The sensor exhibits a responsivity of 16.5 A·W–1, a theoretical specific detectivity of 1.49 × 1012 Jones, and fast switching characteristics, together with a piezoelectric sensitivity of 18.07 mV·kPa–1 and stable performance under bending and repeated operation. More importantly, because the optical and tactile channels produce distinct electrical observables and temporal signatures, they are naturally decoupled, enabling system-level light-gated tactile AND-logic decision-making based on the decoupled optical and tactile outputs from a single flexible sensing device. This conditional triggering moves the sensor system from passive multimodal readout toward conditional multimodal decision-making, effectively suppressing false activation and offering a practical strategy for reliable multimodal interaction on curved surfaces.