Electroosmotic phenomena in cilia actuated peristaltic transport of Jeffrey tri-hybrid nanofluid flow with homogenous-heterogeneous chemical reactions

Abstract

Scientists are interested in nanomaterials because they offer various possible uses in industrial operations and thermal engineering systems. This study presents a novel unified analysis of a Jeffrey tri-hybrid nanofluid incorporating electroosmosis, magnetohydrodynamics, coupled chemical reactions, and entropy generation in an inclined channel, a combination not previously reported in the literature. The proposed model aims to enhance heat and mass transfer for efficient microfluidic, thermal, and biomedical applications. The analysis takes into account the effects of electroosmosis, as well as homogeneous-heterogeneous chemical processes. A study is performed to analyze the effects of the thermophoresis parameter and Brownian motion parameter. The technique of self-similar conversions is used to transform the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) of the fixed frame into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of the wave frame. The resulting system is solved numerically using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB under long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. Graphical analysis is used to study the fluid’s velocity, temperature, concentration, and electroosmosis characteristics. Contour plots are used to examine the changes in entropy generation, heat transfer rate, and skin friction coefficient concerning physical parameters. The results indicate that temperature increases with higher values of the Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Prandtl number, and homogeneous reaction heat parameter. The velocity profile initially decreases to zero and then increases in the latter region with increasing values of the Grashof number. Additionally, key physical parameters significantly influence entropy generation, heat transfer rate, and skin friction characteristics. Overall, the study demonstrates that transport behavior can be effectively controlled by tuning governing parameters, which is essential for optimizing thermal and biomedical systems.