Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis of a Battery Charger for Electric Bicycles

As electric bicycles become a more common choice for sustainable urban mobility, their battery chargers must satisfy stringent electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electrical –safety requirements before being placed on the market. This paper presents an experimental EMC and electrical –safety evaluation of a battery charger for a 48 V, 250 W electric bicycle, covering electrical safety, conducted and radiated emissions, and immunity to conducted electromagnetic disturbances. The influence of a dedicated EMI filter proposed by the authors on the conducted –emission behavior of the charger was investigated by comparing measurements taken with and without the filter in place, under otherwise identical test conditions. The results confirm that the charger satisfies the applicable EMC emission and immunity limits and the electric –shock –protection aspects of electrical safety, both without and with the filter, and demonstrate that the proposed filter yields a substantial improvement in the conducted –emission compliance margin. These findings provide practical guidance for the design, verification, and certification of EMC–compliant charging equipment for electric bicycles and similar light electric vehicles.