Electrochemical Sensors

Virus detection has become one of the hottest research topics, in order to contribute to society and the health of living creatures. Viruses are nano-sized infectious particles that cause important diseases. Viral illnesses such as cold, flu, cold sores, human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and corona virus disease (COVID)-19 can have different effects on human health. Some diseases caused by viruses in particular pass from one living thing to another very quickly. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection of such diseases is of great importance. Early detection of viruses is also an important factor in the form of treatment and duration of treatment of the disease it causes. In this context, electrochemical techniques based on redox reactions are known to provide great benefits. This chapter includes brief information on electrochemical sensing, types of electrochemical techniques used for virus detection, electrochemical sensor platforms for different types of virus biomarkers, examples of materials for electrochemical virus detection, and functionalization strategies with these materials. Also, the design and applications of these sensors in virus detection are discussed in detail. In this part, important emphasis has been placed on potential applications in clinical diagnostics and point-of-care testing.