Electrochemical aptasensors for ultrasensitive multiplexed detection: Towards a new era of precision diagnostics and environmental monitoring

Abstract

Electrochemical aptamer‐based sensors (aptasensors) are rapidly transforming precision diagnostics and environmental monitoring through their exceptional selectivity, programmability and compatibility with miniaturised platforms. However, their broader impact remains limited by insufficient signal intensity and persistent challenges in achieving robust multiplexed detection. This review critically examines emerging strategies aimed at overcoming these barriers and advancing aptasensors towards ultrasensitive, multi‐analyte performance. Particular emphasis is placed on the synergistic integration of nanomaterials and aptamer engineering, alongside state‐of‐the‐art signal amplification approaches that enhance both sensitivity and specificity. Diverse multiplexing strategies are evaluated, with applications spanning clinical diagnostics, food safety and environmental surveillance. The review also highlights the growing influence of artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven aptamer design and the development of three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical materials, outlining the technological trajectory shaping next‐generation multiplexed electrochemical aptasensors.