Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy on Islands: A Review of Energy Planning, V2G Flexibility, and Dynamic Stability

Energy planning is a growing challenge driven by the global push for decarbonization and the need to modernize aging power grids. This issue is particularly critical for islands, which often endure energy vulnerability and a high dependency on imported fossil fuels. While the electrification of transport is a popular option to reduce emissions, the integration of Electric Vehicles into weak island grids presents significant stability challenges due to the intermittent nature of renewable sources. This article provides a systematic bibliometric analysis to identify the advances made in bridging the gap between long-term energy balance and short-term dynamic stability in isolated systems. This paper analyzes islands’ stability needs and showcases smart charging systems, exploring their roles as distributed energy storage and as providers of ancillary services. First, the most relevant international scientific journals are identified to allow the subsequent selection and quantitative and qualitative analysis of articles dealing with EV-island stability pathways. A total of 7469 publications were screened, of which 284 articles were finally selected.