EFFICIENCY OF WINTER WHEAT DISEASE PROTECTION IN THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS FOOTHILLS

The objective of the study is to optimize the protection system for winter soft wheat in the foothills of the Central Caucasus to increase its yield and resistance to pathogenic microorganisms. Objectives: monitoring the phytosanitary condition of the winter soft wheat agrocenosis; identifying the dominant species of phytopathogens; assessing the biological efficiency of chemical fungicides and their impact on the yield of winter soft wheat. The studies were conducted under the conditions of a production experiment laid out on the experimental field of the SKNIIGPSKH VNTs RAS. The plot area was 30 m2, three replicates. The seeding rate was 4.5 million/ha, the variety was Tanya, the seeds were treated with Maxim Forte (1.5 l/t), 100 kg/ha of nitroammophoska was added during sowing, in spring top dressing was carried out with ammonium nitrate – N30 (100 kg/ha) in the T1, T2 phases. All variants were subjected to background spraying with a tank mixture of herbicide + insecticide + microfertilizer (Prima Forte + Borey Neo + Humate+7) in T1, and insecticide + microfertilizer (Borey Neo + Humate+7) in T2 and T3. The results of pre-sowing disinfection of wheat grain with various preparations (Maxim Forte, Lamador, Kinto Plus) and treatments during the growing season with the fungicides Falcon and Kolosal Pro against the main leaf spots and fusarium head blight of winter soft wheat in the foothills of the Central Caucasus are presented. The effectiveness of using the three-component Maxim Forte pre-sowing seed disinfectant, as well as two fungicide applications, was noted: Falcon at 0.6 l/ha during the tillering/booting phase and Kolosal Pro at 0.4 l/ha at the end of flowering. The yield in this variant was 5.3 t/ha, a 43.2 % increase. Fungicide treatments were found to increase total chlorophyll content in the flag leaf by an average of 28.0 % and 1000-kernel weight by 11.7 % compared to the control without fungicide application.